Azospirillum brasilense mitigates water stress imposed by a vascular disease by increasing xylem vessel area and stem hydraulic conductivity in tomato

Water stress, with its negative consequences on plant growth and survival, can be mitigated by Azospirillum brasilense inoculation. In tomato, A. brasilense delays wilting caused by a vascular pathogen, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, by yet unknown mechanisms. We studied morphological, anatomical and physiological changes induced by A. brasilense in tomato that relate to water stress tolerance, which could explain the deferral in symptom expression. For this purpose, tomato seeds were treated or not with A. brasilense BNM65, and 5 weeks later plants were challenged with C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis or mock inoculated with water. There was a large growth promotion associated to Azospirillum: treated plants had higher total biomass and leaf area. In relation to water stress tolerance, Azospirillum treated plants had larger xylem vessel area, higher stem specific hydraulic conductivity, thicker stems, and lower shoot/root dry matter and specific leaf area. These changes were opposite to those induced by C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. We conclude that A. brasilense favoured a better adjustment of plant-water relations by several mechanisms, and thus, transitorily alleviated symptoms expression of a vascular disease.     

生物科学专业基础课程群建设与实践

结合课程群建设的实践,总结了德州学院生物科学专业基础课程群的建设与改革状况。就教学大纲、教学计划、教学内容、教学方法和手段、实验教学等教学改革措施进行了建设和改革。     

Soil aggregation and the stabilization of organic carbon as affected by erosion and deposition

The importance of soil aggregation in determining the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) during erosion, transportation and deposition is poorly understood. Particularly, we do not know how aggregation contributes to the often-observed accumulation of SOC at depositional sites. Our objective was to assess how aggregation affects SOC stabilization in comparison to interactions of SOC with minerals. We determined and compared aggregate size distributions, SOC distribution in density fractions, and lignin-derived phenols from aggregated soil samples at both eroding and depositional sites. The stabilization effect of aggregation was quantified by comparing mineralization from intact and crushed macro-aggregates. Deposition of eroded soil material resulted in carbon (C) enrichment throughout the soil profile. Both macro-aggregate associated SOC and C associated with minerals (heavy fraction) increased in their importance from the eroding to the depositional site. In the uppermost topsoil (0–5 cm), SOC mineralization from intact aggregates was larger at the depositional site than at the eroding site, reflecting the large input of labile organic matter (plant residues) promoting aggregation. Contrastingly, in the subsoil, mineralization rates were lower at the depositional site because of effective stabilization by interactions with soil minerals. Aggregate crushing increased SOC mineralization by 10–80% at the eroding site, but not at the depositional site. The content of lignin-derived phenols did not differ between eroding and depositional sites in the topsoil (24.6–30.9 mg per g C) but was larger in the subsoil of the eroding site, which was accompanied by higher lignin oxidation. Lignin data indicated minor effects of soil erosion and deposition on the composition of SOC. We conclude that SOC is better protected in aggregates at the eroding than at the depositional site. During transport disaggregation and consequently SOC mineralization took place, while at the depositional site re-aggregation occurred mainly in the form of macro-aggregates. However, this macro-aggregation did not result in a direct stabilization of SOC. We propose that the occlusion of C inside aggregates serves as a pathway for the eroded C to be later stabilized by organo-mineral interaction.     

离退休人员思想政治工作方式探讨——以中国热带农业科学院为例

简要分析中国热带农业科学院离退休人员现状与主要特点和做好离退休老同志思想政治工作的意义，探讨了中国热带农业科学院离退休人员思想政治工作的主要做法，以为离退休工作者提供经验参考。     

空心刨花板成型挤压机

介绍了成型挤压机的主要结构及工作原理,阐述了均匀下料器部件的改进.     

传统灌溉条件下水肥滞留效益研究

研究了径流灌溉时不同作物样地对水肥的滞留效益。结果表明,4种作物对水肥的滞留效果呈现出相似性,在9 m之前滞留效益十分显著,9 m之后,滞留效益呈现出明显的下降趋势。在此基础上得出滞留率拟合方程,4种作物的拟合函数均为对数函数,该拟合函数可以将4种作物的滞留率数量化,并为相关研究提供借鉴。     

贵州佛顶山自然保护区景观格局初步分析

以森林资源二类调查数据为基础,采用PLAND指数、MPS指数、AI指数、PAFRAC指数、SHDI、SHEI指数对贵州佛顶山自然保护区景观格局特征进行分析。结果表明:在以地类划分的景观中,林地斑块占主体(91.93%),其中尤以纯林斑块面积最大(61.76%),且斑块完整性最高;在以林分起源划分的景观中,天然林斑块面积占总面积89.19%,且斑块破碎化程度低,保存完好,但原生林面积比例极小(0.49%);在功能分区中,核心区多样性指数和均匀度指数均最低,且核心区斑块异质性低、破碎度低、人为干扰较少,表明保护区功能分区的核心区划定较为合理。     

广元市昭化区马尾松林下种植茯苓经济效益初探

本文主要介绍了广元市昭化区利用异常死亡的马尾松树林下种植茯苓的技术,对其种植成本和收益情况进行了初步分析。结果表明,利用死亡的马尾松林下种植茯苓,段木种植其平均产量可达48.82 kg,树蔸种植其平均产量可达10.02 kg,效益显著。同时可减少处置异常死亡树木的成本,值得大力推广。     

插条粗度和萌芽度对降香黄檀扦插成活率的影响

在江门市林科所苗圃选择不同粗细度、不同萌芽度的降香黄檀插条进行扦插繁殖试验,每10 d进行1次成活率调查。结果表明:插条的萌芽度和粗细度均极显著影响扦插的成活率,萌芽度和粗细度的交互作用对扦插的成活率也有极显著影响;未萌芽插条扦插成活率明极显高于已萌芽插条的扦插成活率;3种粗细度的枝条中以粗细度为0.7~1.2 cm的插条扦插成活率最高;在枝条萌芽度及粗细度交互作用下,粗细度为0.7~1.2 cm的未萌芽插条扦插成活率最高,粗细度小于0.7 cm的已萌芽插条扦插成活率最低。     

Assessment of irrigation scenarios to improve performances of Lingot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in southwest France

In the context of climate change, producing the same amount of food with less water has become a challenge all over the world. This is also true for the Lingot bean production in the area of Castelnaudary of southwest France where market competition with imported bean has made it crucial to achieve high yields to maintain production in the area. The use of an appropriate and robust crop model can help to identify crop management solutions to face such issues. We used SSM-legumes, a crop model generic to legume species, as well as field observations recorded over five years on eight farms of the Castelnaudary area to assess the effect of different irrigation scenarios on bean yield and water consumption. First, it was demonstrated that the SSM-legumes model is robust in simulating the development and growth of Lingot bean in non-stressed or moderately stressed conditions of this region regarding water and nutrient availability. Then, the use of the model to compare irrigation scenarios provided guidance on how to improve irrigation management for Lingot bean production. These results showed that farmers could achieve slightly higher yields with less water by basing irrigation decisions on the water content of the soil.